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Newly discovered Moon-sized planet is the smallest ever found around a Sun-like star

Newly discovered Moon-sized planet is the smallest ever found around a Sun-like star

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NASA's Kepler space telescope has discovered a planet roughly the size of our Moon, the smallest one yet seen around a Sun-like star. Kepler-37b, as it's known, is roughly 210 light-years from Earth, orbiting its star every 13 days at less than one-third of the distance between the Sun and Mercury. Besides being an interesting find, it's a sign that NASA's detection techniques have advanced since the first exoplanets were discovered. Early research outside our solar system turned up gas giants closer to Jupiter's size than Earth's, with the first "unquestionably rocky" exoplanet — though not the first to be potentially rocky — discovered by the Kepler team in early 2011.

Since then, researchers have found a trove of smaller planets, and as detection improves, it's likely they'll discover more — while we might have previously suspected exoplanets of all sorts were common, we're now getting harder proof. Kepler-37b itself is near two other small planets, one three-quarters the size of Earth and another twice as big as our world. All three orbit close to their sun, which means their surfaces are probably formidably hot, and 37b isn't believed to have an atmosphere; they're distinctly not in the "habitable zone" that's the grail of Earth-like planet searches.

"The fact we've discovered tiny Kepler-37b suggests such little planets are common."

The Kepler team determines planet sizes by extrapolating from dips in the brightness of their home star as they cross it, making the estimates potentially unreliable. In this case, though, NASA says it's confident in its assessment, especially because the star is particularly bright and ideal for research. "The fact we've discovered tiny Kepler-37b suggests such little planets are common," says Jack Lissauer of the Ames Research Center, "and more planetary wonders await as we continue to gather and analyze additional data."