Yes, Fingerprints (At a Consulate before I fly). If I am transiting LHR; I need to Drive or Fly to an UK Consulate ( I think there are 3 or 4 cities in USA where UK Consulate is present); Get photographed and yes Fingerprinted in order to get a transit visa. This is needed even for a 2 hour Layover in LHR (where one will NOT be exiting the Airport and in most cases NOT even changing Airport Terminals).
No such issues for layover in Frankfurt (with Lufthansa) or Dubai (with Emirates); But Layover in Paris (with Air France) involves fingerprinting with a French Consulate.
This probably does not apply to US, Canadian or European Nationals; but definitely applies to most other countries.
Surely, you must be joking!! Europeans are equally terrible.. Europeans start harassing you at the consulates when you ask for a Visa (even for a two hour transit when you are going to stay inside the same airport terminal)..