A new task force formed by the Institute on Medicine as a Profession is charging that the Department of Defense and CIA directed doctors to violate medical ethics in their treatment of prisoners in Guantánamo Bay and elsewhere. The task force, which includes doctors, former military officers, and human rights activists, reports that doctors at US military detention centers were "designing, participating in, and enabling torture and cruel, inhumane, and degrading treatment" in clear violation of their ethical duty to avoid the infliction of harm. "We wanted to look at the role of health professionals in detainee abuse, and what that legacy is," said Leonard S. Rubenstein, a Johns Hopkins doctor who served on the task force. "What we found is a pretty disturbing legacy."