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The Verge Review of Animals: the coywolf

The Verge Review of Animals: the coywolf

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Bow to the newest predator we helped create

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This column is part of a series where Verge staffers post highly subjective reviews of animals. Up until now, we’ve written about animals without telling you whether they suck or rule. We are now rectifying this oversight.

Okay, I’m probably about to piss off a bunch of scientists by using that name: coywolf. But it’s so catchy I’m going to keep using it — after all, the coolest breed of coyotes deserves a cool name. Coywolves, a hybrid animal that’s the result of mating between coyotes, wolves, and dogs, have been colonizing the eastern US pretty much undisturbed. (Maybe they should be dubbed coywolfdog or coydogwolf, but for obvious reasons none of these weird names have stuck around.)

Coywolves evolved because we screwed up

Also called Canis latrans var., the coywolf is the newest top predator of the east coast, ranging from Florida to Maine and up into Canada. Seriously, if you live in Boston or Washington, DC, expect to run into them at the park or in a cemetery at some point in your life. In New York City, they’ve been spotted in downtown Manhattan, as well as on the roof of a bar in Long Island City. (Just because the raccoon invasion wasn’t enough.)

Coywolves do look slightly different from regular western coyotes. They have longer legs and a longer body, smaller ears, a bushier tail, a larger jaw, and a wider skull. They weigh between 35 and 45 pounds, and they usually live in families of three to five if food is abundant. Their genetic makeup is roughly 65 percent coyote, 25 percent wolf, and 10 percent dog, making them a little wilder than a poodle but less scary than an actual wolf. (Coywolves will take down a deer just like a wolf though; they don’t limit their diet to rabbits and small rodents.)

We helped create them, of course. In the 1800s and early 1900s, we decimated wolves because they killed livestock. We also cut down huge amounts of trees in the northeastern US for lumber and to make space for pastures and crops. As you can imagine, all of this limited wolves’ mating options. Desperate for sex, wolves began mating with eastward-expanding coyotes. The first coywolf was detected around 1919 in Ontario, Canada; half a century later dog DNA was mixed in, giving rise to the new animal hybrid that’s so common today. There’s no real estimate of how many coywolves lurk in Americans’ backyards at night, but their number is in the millions, says Roland Kays of North Carolina State University.

Coywolves are basically living reminders that evolution happens all the time and animals adapt to deal with the biggest destroyer of all, humans. "They’re an example of nature adapting very rapidly to the changes that we have made in the planet," Kays tells The Verge. "It shows how evolution can help animals live in the modern world."

I mean, how cool is that? We finally found an animal that’s not about to be wiped out because of how badly we screwed up. Actually, that animal was created because we screwed up. Though coywolves have been around for a century, they’re increasingly making headlines now because more of them are moving into urban areas, where more of us live and have easy access to social media to document the encounters.

Geez Louise I was just walking down the street and I saw a coywolf directly ahead 100 meters just trotting toward us. I...

Posted by Patricia Bianco on Sunday, March 13, 2016

Don’t worry, coywolves aren’t that dangerous; they will probably shy away if they see you. Nonetheless, it’s good to keep in mind that they’re top predators — and coyotes are known for having attacked people before. In the western US, coyotes are also feared for snatching pets, including chihuahuas in California.

Scientists remain divided over whether the coywolf has evolved into a distinct species. Some say yes, some say no, with scientists disagreeing about what exactly is a species. (Is it a population that doesn’t mate with outsiders? But if that’s your definition, what do you make of dogs and wolves that keep mating with coyotes?) The coolest thing the coywolf has taught us is the importance of hybridization in evolution. After all, even humans are the product of interbreeding between Homo sapiens, Neanderthals, and Denisovans. Just like humans, coywolves are successfully sticking around.

Illustrations by Dami Lee

The Coywolf

Verge Score: 9.0

9.0

Verge Score

Good Stuff

  • They don’t guilt trip us about changing the planet

  • They like New York City

  • They’re hybrids

Bad Stuff

  • They can probably snatch small pets

  • Their awesome name isn’t kosher with many scientists

  • Some coyotes have killed people